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Manufacturing PowerPoint Notes

Student Notes

Material Processing PowerPoint Notes

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Define Manufacturing: A system or group of systems used to change materials into useable products in a workshop or factory for an end user. List and describe the 3 types of Manufacturing: Custom production produces products that are made one at a time according to customer's exact specifications. Job lot production involves producing a limited quantity of a product. Production is stopped when a certain amount of the product is made. Continuous or mass production produces a large quantity of the same product. This is achieved through one steady process using an assembly line. What do the three manufacturing systems have in common? They all begin with an idea; a product to be made for profit. What was the earliest form of manufacturing? Custom List the Evolutionary Steps of Manufacturing. Date Description 3000 BCE Egyptian Pyramids 1303 Venice Arsenal 1452 Guttenberg's Movable Type 1700s Early European Factories 1769 James Watt's Steam Engine 1795 Machine Tools 1803 Interchangeable Parts 1913 Ford's Assembly Line 1962 Industrial Robots 1980s Computer Integrated Manufacturing What do these Evolutionary Steps have in common? Division of Labor When did the biggest development in manufacturing occur? James Watt's invention of the practical steam engine. This provided a new source of power and created many new jobs in manufacturing. What was the next big development that was implemented in manufacturing? The next big step in manufacturing included the Assembly Line. Who was responsible for this? Henry Ford What was the “Key” to this new process that was developed by Eli Whitney? Interchangeable Parts What was the next evolutionary step in manufacturing? Industrial Robots List the trade-offs of this new process. Positive Negative Faster Accurate Stronger Expendable Cheaper Low Skill Labor was eliminated Expensive initially How has the Manufacturing Job Market changed with Robotics? Low Skill jobs are eliminated allowing people to work in High Skill jobs. Better environment and more pay = larger disposable income to stimulate the economy. What are the 5 resources needed to start a Mfg. System? People Finance Facilities Energy Materials What are the 4 steps to the manufacturing process? Design Development Production Service / Maintenence What are some negative effects of manufacturing? Pollution to create energy Depletion of natural resources Toxic Chemicals CFCs How can Research & Development work with the Feedback loop of the Universal Systems Model? Information about the current product can be used as information in the development of a new and improved design. (Product Evolution) What role does Quality Control play in the cost of producing a product? In most cases, the consumer must pay for the development of new products as well as the manufacturability of the product. List the 8 Design Factors: Safety Reliability Economic Considerations Quality Control Environmental Concerns Manufacturability Service / Maintenance of Products Ergonomics What is the next step in manufacturing? Stereo Lithography – Rapid Prototyping In the U.S., how much energy is consumed by Manufacturing Industries? 40% List and describe the Components of Automated Manufacturing Systems. AGV (Automatic Guided Vehicle) – A vehicle used to carry the product from one workstation to another. It is computer operated and runs along an invisible track. CAD / CADD (Computer Aided Drawing / Design) – A method of planning and drawing a product using a computer. The designs and information is stored in the computer. The computer can run tests on the new product or part without the part even being there! CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) – A system where computers are used to operate the machinery in a factory. CAD / CAM – The designer can create a part or product on the computer screen then sends it directly to a machine tool, which makes the part. CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) – Uses one computer system to control many function of the manufacturing company. It also may handle the sales, invoicing, production scheduling, design, equipment control and many other functions of a company. CNC (Computerized Numerical Control) – A machine tool operation that is controlled by numerical commands from a computer. Fixture – A specialty tool usually designed and used only for one operation. A fixture holds material in place, while it is being processed, usually when holding the material by hand is too dangerous or not secure enough. Jig – Another specialty tool usually designed and used for only one operation. A jig holds and guides the material to be processed during the operation. Just-in-time Manufacturing – With the aid of computers, manufacturers can order materials and parts from other suppliers "just in time" to be used. This reduces the need for warehouse storage space and a costly inventory. This saves money and lowers costs. Robotics – The technology that deals with the design, manufacture and use of robots in industrial and automated situations. This can be for processing, assembly, packaging, etc. Stereo Lithography – A very new innovation that works like a three dimensional printer. Used to make prototypes or molds for manufacturing. Define Material Processing: Changing the shape, size and/or characteristics so the same raw material can be used for different purposes. What are the 5 basic types of manufacturing materials? Wood Easy to cut / shape / form Renewable Strong Metal Extracted from the earth Strong Some are lightweight Can be recycled Earth Materials Hard and Durable Abundant Some are transparent Heat resistant Composites Durable and Stronger than base Some are good Insulators Some are lightweight High Strength to Weight Ratio Plastics Durable and Strong Flexible Electric insulators Lightweight List the 6 different Manufacturing Processes and describe each one. List Description Separating Removing one part from another. Forming Changing the shape and size of the material. Casting Liquids take the shape of a mold and then harden to hold that shape. Conditioning Changes within their internal structure. Assembling Bringing parts or sub-assemblies together. Finishing Anything that is done to decorate or protect the final product.

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